National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Practice Test

What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?

1. Atherosclerosis

2. Chronic kidney disease

3. Obstructive sleep apnea

4. Cushing's syndrome

The correct answer is: Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is identified as the most common cause of secondary hypertension due to the kidneys' critical role in regulating blood pressure. When the kidneys are damaged, they may have difficulty removing excess fluid and waste from the body. This can lead to fluid overload, increased blood volume, and ultimately higher blood pressure. Additionally, compromised kidneys can produce an imbalance of hormones and enzymes that further elevate blood pressure. While atherosclerosis, obstructive sleep apnea, and Cushing's syndrome can also lead to secondary hypertension, chronic kidney disease stands out due to its prevalence and significant physiological impact on blood pressure regulation. The condition is widespread, especially in populations with diabetes or cardiovascular issues, making it a primary contributor to secondary hypertension compared to the other options listed.