National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Practice Test

Which dietary deficiency can lead to anemia, especially in strict vegans?

1. Vitamin D

2. Vitamin B12

3. Omega-3 fatty acids

4. Fiber

The correct answer is: Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is crucial for the formation of red blood cells, and its deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, characterized by the production of large and abnormal red blood cells. Strict vegans are particularly at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency because this vitamin is primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. While some plant foods are fortified with Vitamin B12, relying solely on a vegan diet without careful supplementation can lead to insufficient intake. Symptoms of anemia associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency may include fatigue, weakness, and pallor, making it essential for vegans to monitor their levels and consider supplementation if necessary. In contrast, while Vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber are important nutrients, they do not have the same direct link to anemia as Vitamin B12. Thus, understanding the specific role of Vitamin B12 in red blood cell production highlights why its deficiency is of particular concern for strict vegans.